Economic and interest rate charts

183 charts of the U.S. economy and interest rates, each drawn from Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis): GDP, inflation, jobs, money, debt and deficits, consumers, housing and home prices by city, the dollar, oil; the fed funds rate, every Treasury maturity, the yield curve, mortgage rates, real yields, corporate bonds and global yields. Each chart has its full history, the latest value against a year earlier and the record high and low, and a year-by-year table; data as of Oct 6, 2026.

Economy

GDP, inflation, jobs, money, debt and deficits, consumers, business, housing, home prices by city, the dollar and oil.

GDP

U.S. GDP (since 1947)
U.S. GDP by Year (since 1929)
U.S. Real GDP (since 1947)
U.S. Real GDP Growth Rate (quarterly, annualized)
U.S. Real GDP Growth by Year (since 1930)
U.S. Real GDP per Capita
GDP Price Index Inflation (year over year)
Real GDP vs Potential GDP
Output Gap (real GDP vs potential)
Atlanta Fed GDPNow Estimate
Corporate Profits After Tax

Inflation

U.S. Inflation Rate by Year (since 1914)
CPI Inflation Rate (year over year)
Core CPI Inflation (excluding food and energy)
CPI vs Core CPI Inflation
PCE and Core PCE Inflation
Producer Price Inflation (since 1914)
Median CPI (Cleveland Fed)
Food Inflation (CPI food, YoY)
Energy Inflation (CPI energy, YoY)
Shelter Inflation (CPI shelter, YoY)
Consumer Price Index (since 1913)
Purchasing Power of the Dollar (since 1913)
U.S. Gasoline Prices (regular, since 1990)

Jobs

U.S. Unemployment Rate (since 1948)
Unemployment: U-3 vs U-5 vs U-6
Labor Force Participation Rate (since 1948)
Employment-Population Ratio (since 1948)
Total Nonfarm Payrolls (since 1939)
Monthly Job Gains (nonfarm payrolls)
Initial Jobless Claims (since 1967)
Initial Jobless Claims - 4-Week Average
Continued Jobless Claims (since 1967)
Job Openings (JOLTS, since 2000)
Quits Rate (JOLTS)
Wage Growth (average hourly earnings, YoY)
Average Hourly Earnings, Production Workers (since 1964)
Real Average Hourly Earnings (today's dollars)
Sahm Rule Recession Indicator
U.S. Population (since 1959)

Money and the Fed

M2 Money Supply (since 1959)
M2 Money Supply Growth (YoY)
M2 Money Velocity (since 1959)
M1 Money Supply (since 1959)
U.S. Monetary Base (since 1959)
Fed Balance Sheet - Total Assets (since 2002)
Bank Reserves at the Fed (since 2002)
Fed Overnight Reverse Repo (since 2003)
Bank Credit, All Commercial Banks (since 1973)
Commercial and Industrial Loans (since 1947)

Government debt and deficits

U.S. National Debt (since 1966)
U.S. Debt to GDP Ratio (since 1966)
Federal Debt Held by the Public as % of GDP
Federal Debt Held by the Fed (since 1970)
National Debt by President (since 1969)
U.S. Federal Deficit (monthly)
U.S. Federal Deficit (rolling 12 months)
U.S. Federal Deficit by Fiscal Year (since 1901)
U.S. Federal Deficit as % of GDP (since 1929)
Federal Interest Outlays by Fiscal Year (since 1940)
Federal Interest Payments (quarterly, annual rate)
Federal Interest Payments as % of GDP

Trade and the dollar

U.S. Trade Balance (goods and services, since 1992)
U.S. Net Exports (since 1947)
Broad U.S. Dollar Index (Fed, since 2006)
Euro to U.S. Dollar (EUR/USD) - since 1999
U.S. Dollar to Japanese Yen (USD/JPY) - since 1971
British Pound to U.S. Dollar (GBP/USD) - since 1971
U.S. Dollar to Chinese Yuan (USD/CNY) - since 1981
U.S. Dollar to Canadian Dollar (USD/CAD) - since 1971
U.S. Dollar to Mexican Peso (USD/MXN) - since 1993

Consumers

U.S. Retail Sales (since 1992)
Retail Sales Growth (YoY)
Consumer Sentiment (University of Michigan)
Personal Saving Rate (since 1959)
Total Consumer Credit (since 1943)
Revolving Consumer Credit (credit cards, since 1968)
Credit Card Delinquency Rate (since 1991)
Household Debt Service Ratio (since 2005)
Real Disposable Personal Income (since 1959)
Real Disposable Income per Person
Real Median Household Income (since 1984)
Real Personal Consumption Expenditures (since 2007)
Total Vehicle Sales (since 1976)

Business and industry

Industrial Production (since 1919)
Capacity Utilization (since 1967)
Durable Goods Orders (since 1992)
Core Capital Goods Orders (since 1992)
Business Inventories to Sales Ratio (since 1992)
OECD Leading Indicator for the U.S. (since 1955)

Housing

Housing Starts (since 1959)
Building Permits (since 1960)
New Home Sales (since 1963)
Median Sales Price of New Homes (since 1963)
Homeownership Rate (since 1965)
Case-Shiller Home Price Indexes: National, 10-City, 20-City
Home Price Growth (Case-Shiller national, YoY)
Inflation-Adjusted Home Prices (Case-Shiller national)

Home prices by city

Atlanta Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Boston Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Charlotte Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Chicago Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Cleveland Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Dallas Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Denver Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Detroit Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Las Vegas Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Los Angeles Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Miami Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Minneapolis Case-Shiller Home Price Index
New York City Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Phoenix Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Portland Case-Shiller Home Price Index
San Diego Case-Shiller Home Price Index
San Francisco Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Seattle Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Tampa Case-Shiller Home Price Index
Washington, D.C. Case-Shiller Home Price Index

Recession and financial conditions

Smoothed U.S. Recession Probabilities (since 1967)
Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index (since 1971)
St. Louis Fed Financial Stress Index (since 1993)

Oil and natural gas

Crude Oil Prices - WTI (daily, since 1986)
Crude Oil Prices since 1946 (monthly)
Crude Oil Prices - Inflation-Adjusted (since 1946)
Brent Crude Oil Price (since 1987)
Natural Gas Prices - Henry Hub (since 1997)

Interest Rates

The fed funds rate, every Treasury maturity, the yield curve, mortgage rates, real yields, corporate bonds and global yields.

Fed funds

Fed Funds Rate - Historical Chart (since 1954)
Fed Funds Target Range (since 2008)
Real Fed Funds Rate (after inflation)
Fed Funds Rate vs Inflation
Fed Funds Rate vs 10-Year Treasury
FOMC Longer-Run Fed Funds Projection (median)
SOFR vs Fed Funds vs IORB

Treasury yields

1-Month Treasury Yield (since 2001)
3-Month Treasury Yield (since 1981)
6-Month Treasury Yield (since 1981)
1-Year Treasury Yield (since 1962)
2-Year Treasury Yield (since 1976)
3-Year Treasury Yield (since 1962)
5-Year Treasury Yield (since 1962)
7-Year Treasury Yield (since 1969)
10-Year Treasury Yield (since 1962)
20-Year Treasury Yield (since 1962)
30-Year Treasury Yield (since 1977)
3-Month Treasury Bill Rate (since 1934)
Long-Term Treasury Yields (since 1925)
Treasury Yields Compared (3M, 2Y, 10Y, 30Y)

Yield curve

Treasury Yield Curve (today vs history)
Yield Curve - 10-Year minus 2-Year (since 1976)
Yield Curve - 10-Year minus 3-Month (since 1982)
Yield Curve - 10-Year minus Fed Funds (since 1962)
3-Month Treasury Bill vs Fed Funds Rate (since 1954)
30-Year minus 10-Year Treasury Spread

Mortgage rates

30-Year Fixed Mortgage Rate
15-Year Fixed Mortgage Rate
30-Year Mortgage Rate vs 10-Year Treasury
30-Year Mortgage Rate minus 10-Year Treasury

Real yields and inflation expectations

10-Year TIPS Yield (real rate, since 2003)
5-Year TIPS Yield (since 2003)
30-Year TIPS Yield (since 2010)
10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
5-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
5-Year, 5-Year Forward Inflation Expectation
Consumer Inflation Expectations (Michigan, next 12 months)
10-Year Expected Inflation (Cleveland Fed)
10-Year Treasury Yield vs Inflation

Corporate bonds and credit

Moody's AAA and BAA Corporate Bond Yields
BAA Corporate Bond Spread over 10-Year Treasury
Moody's BAA Corporate Yield vs 10-Year Treasury
Credit Quality Spread: BAA minus AAA
High-Yield Bond Spread (ICE BofA)
Investment-Grade Corporate Bond Spread (ICE BofA)

Other rates

Bank Prime Loan Rate (since 1955)
SOFR - Secured Overnight Financing Rate (since 2018)
TED Spread (1986-2022, discontinued)

Global bond yields

10-Year Government Bond Yields: U.S., Germany, Japan, U.K.
Germany 10-Year Government Bond Yield
Japan 10-Year Government Bond Yield
United Kingdom 10-Year Government Bond Yield
Canada 10-Year Government Bond Yield
France 10-Year Government Bond Yield
Italy 10-Year Government Bond Yield
Italy minus Germany 10-Year Spread